Hydraulic brake for guns



E. SCHNHDER.

HYDRAULIC BRAKE FOR GUNS.

APPLICATON FILED MAPK 31, 19l9.

Patented Mar. 9, 1920.

4 SHEETS-SHEET l.

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E. SCHNEIDER.

HYDRAULIC BRAKE FOR GUNS.

APPLICATION FILED M'An. 31. 1919.

Patented Mar. 9,1920.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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E. SCHNEIDER.

HYDRAULIC BRAKE FOR GUNS.

AFPUCATION FILED MAR. 31. |919.

Patented Mar. 9, 1920.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

E. SCHNElDER.

HYDRAULIC BRAKE FOR GUNS.

APPLICATION man MAR. 31, 1919.

1,338,283. Patented Mar. 9, 1920.

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. for diminishing the recoil high angles of elevation.V

i sTATEs 'PATENT oEEIoE.

EUGENE SCHNEIDER, or PARIS, FRANCE, AssIGNoR To SCHNEIDER a CIE., EPARIS,

. FRANCE, A LIMITED JOINT-STOCK COMPANY 0F FRANCE.

.HYDRAULIC BRAKEEOR GUNS.

To all whom t may concern:

of 142 Rue dAnjoiu Paris, France, have in` 'vented' a new and useful.Improved Hydraulic Brake for Guns, which invention is lfully set forthin the following specificatio This invention has for its object toprovidevan improved hydraulic brake for guns, comprising a device ofsimple construction when firing at l.The improved brake comprises in aknown manner, a brake cylinder fixed to the recoil-` ing part (gunbarrel or slide) and carrying" on its rearend a rod provided at its freeend with al valve for a ruiming out vmoderator having itschamber fixedto the non-recoiling flic part (cradle). The braking action is.produced'by the throttling of the flow of liquid between peculiarlyshaped ribs'I'orIned on the inner Awall of the'brake cylinder,4 andcorresponding notches in the piston whereof the piston rod is normallyfixed to the cradle;

Y' The characteristic lfeature of the improved brake consists in thisthat the piston (in which the moderator chamber is formed andlikewise'ixed to theV cradle)V constitutes by means of an annular recessformed around the said chamber, a second'brake cylinder in which apistoni is adapted to work ythat projects from the outer wall of thesaid chamber. This piston-pcylinder Vnormally iXed to .the'cradle'and'serving the' purpose of diminishing the recoil, is left free at lowangles of inclination so that itcan then fol.- lovv the recoil movementof the gun barrel. Liquid will' then flow fromY the forwardside 'to therear side of the jiston formed on the moderator chamber. his flow isthrottled between ribs formed o n the innerwalloi' the saidpiston-cylinder andthe corresponding notches provided in the pistonformed on the moderator chamber,v withpthev result of lengthening therecoil.V -The meansv for locking the y piston-cylinder and; theelevation movements ofthefgunbarrel are inter-connected in such a mannerthat the said cylinder 'cannotbecome Vunlocked Vat elevations greaterthan a; given angle; lwhereas it re mains freeV at elevatios'belowthesaid an- '.ew A 1 l y n g Theaceompanying drawings illustrate bySpecification Vof Letters Patent. l

Patented Mar. 9, 1920.

Application fledMarch 31, 1919. Serial No. 286,495.

way of example a constructional form of the Y improved apparatus.

Figure l is a longitudinal section of the brake, on the line I-I of Fig.2. F ig.V 2 is a cross section on the line II-II of Fig. l. In these twogures the piston-cylinder is assumed to be locked to the cradle, thepositions of the parts corresponding to the runout position of the gunbarrel.

Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section similar to Fig. l, showing thepositions of the parts at the end of the recoil.

F ig. 4; is a longitudinal section similar to Fig. l; thepiston-eylinder being assumed to be unlocked, and the parts being shownin an Intermediate position of the course oi the recoil.

Fig. 5 is a section similar to Fig. 4; the parts being shown inthepositions they occupy at the end of the recoil.

Fig. 6 is a side elevation of a gun provided with the improved brake; itshows more particularly the device for interconnecting thepiston-cylinder and the elevation movementsof the gun barrel.

AFig. 7 is a cross section on the 'line VII-VII of Fig. l, showing thepiston# is fixed to the cradle F. This cylinder B is movable on a pistonG and is furnished with ribs B1 of suitable shape engaged in notches G1`in the said piston. The red G-2 of the piston G is hollowed out so asyto leave an annular chamber between the wall of 'the piston cavity yandthe outer 'wall of the chamber E of the runningout moderatori Thisychamber constitutes a brake cylinder in combinationwith a piston Elprojecting rom the side of the running-out moderator chamber E. g2 aresuitably shaped ribsv projecting from the inner wall of the tubular rodor piston cylinder g2; they are engaged in notches el of the piston El.v p

1 .The piston cylinder G2 is locked tothe cradle F, oris released fromthe same, so

' as to be capable of vrecoiling Withthe inder B, according as' the gunvbarrel His brought intola higher. oifalower position of elevationthanthatsh-ovvn in Fig. 6.V

In the example shown, this conjugated locking is effected in theyfollowing manner: Theregister H which is movable in guides' lI on thecradle.F,'ispier'ced with an aperture H1-H2 composed ottvvo incompletecircular part apertures of different diameters intersectingv eachother.. One part aperture H1 has diameter, thatisslightly greater thanthediameter of 'the' piston cylinder G2, but smaller than the diameterof a; collar Gformed on thetorward end ot the said cylinder. The otherpartaper# ture H2 has. adiameter thatis greater than the diametervoi thesaidcolla-r. According as the centerof the part aperture H2, or that ofthe part apertureH1 is brought into the geometrical axis of the cylinderUG?, this cylinder is released (Fig. 8), or locked bv itsv collar beingconfined betvveen theY register vH and the frontfvvall ofthecradle 7).vThe shifting of tie register H is eected by hand. It al stud carriedbyi the register and engaged in a fork on the free .end of a lever Jfixed on a shaft K journaled in bearings K1;k K? under the Cradle. onuse Sha-a tether@ eretta` a crank L Whose handle L1 serves as a catchYtor engaging said crank. With the cradle Y The latter is provided forthis lpurpose -withj tivo rests, f, f1.-Tvvo ytappets YlV.[,'vN areformed or iiXed. on the shaft K.

hen `the register H isinV its `closed posi-V Y tion (Fig. 7),the'tappetM is engaged ina Guide Groove G1 that is carried b or formedfollow the elevation movements of the gun barrel.v Thev endo2 of ,thegroove Ovand vthe beginning'o1 of the'groove 01are situated at a levelsuch ythat the tappet M is able to enter the groove O1 only from theinstant when the gun barrel receives .an eievation equal'to the oneindicated bycdash pot lines in Fig. 6, and it Will beretained positivelyfor greater angles of elevation. The tappet lN can enter the groove O2only f at this limit angle Vof elevation, andniscom` pelled to remaintherein at lesser angles of elevation.' f Y f L L Y -Thenthe .part'sare'in the position 'shown in; 'Fies- 1Y and, ,c ,which @estende a@elevatigiiindicated by dash-dot lines inY Fig.

theregister H; the 'tlappet i M lis engagedi'! the groove-01 alndfis'atfthe top of the V"latter. Atgany greater angle of elevation the saidtappet remains in its groove, .Whiiethe' on the pistoncylinder (St-G2,Whereas the tappetN is then bearing upon the Vsolid" poriVv Y tionofthe'side plate O. Y f i In the recoil the cylinder B moves along` latterremains stationary.y The liquid` is .Y forced'from the forwardsidetotherear side of the piston, G; anincreasing throttling action, beingopposed to the-iowvof the said liquid by the movement of, the shapedribs B1 in the notches G1.

Fig. 3

*showsy the parts in the position they occupy at the end 'of theshortened* 'I recoil. The liquid forced'into the forward chamber of thecylinder B, transmits vits pressure lthrough. theV passages g?y to theliquidV which Vis contained vin. the4 annular'V chamber grand Vwhichcan` escape its turn through the orifices c. valve lDis forced oii1 itss eat,and` theliquid that isV forced out through the orifices e, fills.the

chamber Ff ot the running-out moderator wherein a partial vacuum isproduced vas resulta-ofthe recoill of the rod C. j c .r

It, starting outprtromrthe position cated byk dash-'dot ylinesrin Fig.6, it isgde-r sired to give a .smaller elevation to the gunA barrel, itWillfbe necessary lirst to move the register I-I into the lpositionshowninrFig. v8 wherein it V.releases vthe jpiston-cylinder- G2. It is'atthat moment only that thetappet N, Which was bearing against thel'solidi portion of the sidevplate O, 'is able to ,enter the groove O2,whereupon thegun barrelV ey elevated means oftherusuallelevatmgmechanis'm. .When the gunV barrelfiis in anyone oftheV` ositions of loW elevation,

the recoil will tare placeunderfa braking action producedby means oftwobrakes, one of which nic-ves telescopically over theother. p VTheimproved apparatus constitutes practically a telescopic brake composedof-tvvo k'elements one only of WhichV operates, Yin orderto diminishthev recoil While thewother v element is locked;l Whereas vboth theele-f ments V,operate togetherWhen kby moving. the gun barrel intoaposition of suiiiciently low.` elevation, `has become Apossibleto unlockthe said other element. i i

What I claim is: i, l Y l. f Inj hydraulic brake apparatus for guns, thecombination' of a brake cylinder anda valved moderator: rod bothmovable. with a recoiling part of the gun, concentric piston p cylindersin communication with each other and with said .brakeicylinderyoneof'cwhich r is fastto a nonfrecpilinggpart ofthel gun c i `and yadapted.tof'receivey saidmoderator rod,

the other of which has avdetachable connecg tion withsaidfnonfrecolililgPI' of the gun,v V13(7) ders one of said pistons-being operative for all relativeV positions of the brake cylinder andsaid detachable piston cylinder and the other piston being operativeonly on release of said piston cylinder.

2. Inhydraulic brake apparatus for guns, the combination of a brakecylinder and a Y valved moderator rod both movable with a recoiling partof the gun, concentric piston cylinders in communication With each otherand With said brake cylinder one of Which y* said collar, locks thecylinder in position for iring at high angles of elevation and, When outof engagement, releases the cylinder for firing at low angles ofelevation.

3. In hydraulic brake apparatus for guns, .the combination of a brakecylinder and a valved moderator rod both movable With a recoling part ofthe gun, concentric piston cylinders in communication With each otherand With said brake cylinder7 one of which is fast to a non-recoilingpart of the gun and adapted to receive said moderator rod, the other ofwhich is provided With a detachable connection with said non-recoilingpart, a manually operated rod for operating said connection and meanscontrolling the a operation of said rod comprising grooves on saidstationary part, and tappets on said rod adapted to enter one or theother of said grooves according as the gun has la greater or smallerelevation than a predetermined elevation.

4. In hydraulic brake apparatus Jfor guns, the combination of a brakecylinder and a valved moderator rod movable with a recoiling part of thegun, concentric piston cylinders therein in throttled communication witheach other and With said cylinder, one of which is detachably connectedto a non-recoiling part of the gun and the other being fast thereto andadaptedy to receive said moderator rod, recoil brake pistons on saidpiston cylinders one of said pistons being operative for all relativepositions of the brake cylinder and said detachable piston cylinder,means for releasing said cylinder and means controlling the operation ofsaid release means for elevations of the gun greater or smaller than apredetermined elevation.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification.

EUGE scHNEIDER.

